![free goban windows free goban windows](https://cdn.download.it/gen_screenshots/de-DE/windows/kyodai-mahjongg/large/kyodai-mahjongg-11.jpg)
![free goban windows free goban windows](http://yuntingdian.com/goreviewpartner/grp-documentation/img/goreviewpartner.png)
1, we have fabricated the integrated optical circuit with a photonic crystal whose optical bands are aligned with atomic transitions for both trapping and interfacing atoms with guided photons 41, 43. Here, we report advances that provide rudimentary capabilities for such a ‘toolkit’ with atoms coupled to a PCW. The prerequisite to all of these possibilities is a designable platform that allows the simultaneous alignment of optical bands for optical trapping and for interaction physics with atoms, which we demonstrate here for the first time. Control over PCW dispersion is also expected to facilitate novel atomic traps based upon quantum vacuum forces 19, 41, 42. The atom-induced cavities can be dynamically controlled with external lasers enabling the realization of nearly arbitrary long-range spin Hamiltonians and spatial interactions (such as an effective Coulomb potential mediated by PCW photons) 18, providing a novel tool for quantum simulation with cold atoms. For example, atoms trapped near otherwise perfect photonic crystal structures can act as dielectric defects that seed atom-induced cavities 18 and thereby allow atomic excitations to be exchanged with proximal atoms 16. At the many-body level, the strong interplay between the optical response and large optical forces of many atomic ‘mirrors’ can give rise to interesting optomechanical behaviour, such as self-organization 15.Įven more remarkable phenomena in PCWs arise when atomic frequencies can be tuned into photonic band gaps, including the ability to control the range, strength and functional form of optical interactions between atoms 4, 16, 17, 18. The entanglement of photon transport with internal states of a single atom can form the basis for optical quantum information processing 1, 2, 3 with on-chip quantum optical circuits.
![free goban windows free goban windows](http://is1.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple60/v4/28/94/16/2894166d-24dc-b78c-2078-98dca7073056/source/1200x630bf.jpg)
This enables a single atom to exhibit nearly perfect emission into the guided modes (Γ 1D ≫Γ′) and to act as a highly reflective mirror (for example, reflection | r 1| ≳0.95 and transmission | t 1| ≲0.05 for one atom 41). For example, the ability to tune band edges near atomic transition frequencies can give rise to strongly enhanced optical interactions 36, 37, 38, 39, 40. For example, modern lithographic processing can create nanoscopic dielectric waveguides and resonators with optical quality factors Q>10 6 and with efficient coupling among heterogeneous components 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35.Ī more intriguing possibility that has hardly been explored is the emergence of completely new paradigms beyond the cavity and waveguide models, which exploit the tremendous flexibility for modal and dispersion engineering of PCWs. At a minimum, the further migration to photonic crystal structures should allow the relevant parameters associated with these paradigms to be pushed to their limits 26 and greatly facilitate scaling. Important initial advances to integrate atomic systems and photonics have been made within the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics with atom–photon interactions enhanced in micro- and nanoscopic optical cavities 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and waveguides 27, 28, 29. Bringing these scientific possibilities to fruition requires creation of an interdisciplinary ‘toolkit’ from atomic physics, quantum optics and nanophotonics for the control, manipulation and interaction of atoms and photons with a complexity and scalability not currently possible. Localizing arrays of atoms in photonic crystal waveguides (PCW) with strong atom–photon interactions could provide new tools for quantum networks 1, 2, 3 and enable explorations of quantum many-body physics with engineered atom–photon interactions 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.